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''Bistritsa Babi'' ((ブルガリア語:Бистришките баби), ) are an elderly/multi-generational female vocal ensemble carrying on the traditional dances and polyphonic singing of the Shopluk region of Bulgaria. Founded in 1939,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.geganew.com/en/cds/gd232/cd.htm )〕 the group won the European Folk Art Award in 1978, and it was declared a Masterpiece of the Intangible Heritage of Humanity in 2005. Performing three-part polyphony with features "retained from the pre-Christian times," the group has toured Europe and the US.〔 They are known for their use of ''shoppe'' polyphony, costuming, dancing in a ring (horo), and performing the ''lazarouvane'' (the girls' springtime initiation ritual). In 2005 they were included in UNESCO List of Intangible Cultural Heritage elements in Eastern Europe. The ''shoppe'' genre is characterized by diaphony and parallel voicing. "Diaphony" is a type of polyphony where the melody is performed by one or two soloists, consisting of ''izvikava'' and ''buchi krivo'' or "to shout out" and "crooked rumbled roars", while the ensemble holds a doubled or trebled drone.〔"(The Bistritsa Babi: Archaic Polyphony, Dances and Ritual Practices from the Shoplouk Region )", ''UNESCO.org''.〕 Dance and music are asynchronous. The group was formed by pairs of women recruited as vocal accompanists to the ''Bistritsa Chetvorka'' ((ブルガリア語:Bistritsa Foursome/Quartet)), founded around 1935.〔Buchanan, Donna A. (2006). ''Performing Democracy: Bulgarian Music and Musicians in Transition'', p.122. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226078267.〕 ==See also== *List of Intangible Cultural Heritage elements in Eastern Europe *Bulgarian State Television Female Vocal Choir *Heterophony 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bistritsa Babi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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